Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms and Treatments
There are various aspects of cystic fibrosis, including genetics, symptoms, and treatments. For more information, read our articles on the CFTR gene and the Exocrine glands. This article will provide a brief overview of the condition. Listed below are the most common symptoms and treatments. The early diagnosis of the condition is very important to the quality of life and survival. The first treatment is to manage lung infections by antibiotics, which are given to prevent pneumonia and to treat sinus infections. These antibiotics may be given to a person in a vein or inhaled to open airways.
CFTR gene mutations
The role of CFTR gene mutations in cystic-fibrosis varies. The severity of symptoms varies between individuals, with more severe cases being associated with CFTR gene mutations. While genetic and environmental factors play a significant role, mutations in the gene may not be the sole cause of cystic-fibrosis. The CFTR gene is responsible for secreting mucus, the main component of mucus membranes.
In cystic fibrosis, CFTR gene mutations cause changes in the three-dimensional structure of the protein. When this happens, the protein fails to reach the cell membrane, resulting in CF symptoms. This is a common problem, but CFTR gene mutations are the cause. CFTR modulators are drugs that can correct CFTR protein misfolding and facilitate its transport to the cell membrane.
Exocrine glands
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease of the exocrine glands. It affects mostly children and young adults, with a median life expectancy of 25 years for females and 30 years for males. It is caused by a mutation in the gene CFTR, which disrupts the process of chloride transport across cell membranes. As a result, excessive amounts of chloride build up in cells and water remains inside.
The mutations in CF are inherited in the same way as other genetic disorders. The disorder causes excessive mucus to be secreted, which blocks the ducts and lungs. In severe cases, exocrine gland mucus can cause a person to become hot and sweat profusely in warm weather. The exact symptoms of cystic fibrosis vary, but can include abdominal distention, diarrhea, and malnutrition. Medical complications may include nasal polyps, apnea, and diabetes.
Symptoms
People with cystic fibrosis have thick, sticky mucus in their airways. This mucus helps protect the digestive system, reproductive organs, and lungs. The problem occurs when mucus becomes abnormally thick, which clogs the airways. This causes a variety of symptoms, including difficulty breathing and chronic coughing. Eventually, this abnormal mucus buildup can lead to infections and deterioration of the lungs.
The symptoms of CF can begin in infancy or after an upper respiratory viral infection. The disease can also cause progressive lung function decline and increased symptoms with age. Some people with CF remain relatively healthy throughout their childhood, while others experience worsening of symptoms in their early adulthood. The disease can be inherited, so siblings may be affected differently. Other symptoms of cystic fibrosis include digestive problems such as greasy bowel movements, poor appetite, and constipation. People with cystic fibrosis may also have delayed puberty.
Treatment
There is no cure for cystic fibrosis. However, treatment options depend on the stage of the disease and the affected organs. Treatments for cystic fibrosis are usually aimed at decreasing mucus in the lungs and the digestive tract, preventing infections, and improving nutrition. Listed below are some common cystic fibrosis treatments. For further information, please contact your healthcare provider.
A high fat, protein, and calorie diet is recommended for people with cystic fibrosis. Patients need to supplement this diet with high-quality vitamins and minerals. For this reason, oral pancreatic enzymes can help patients with cystic fibrosis. Patients take them at mealtime. Some patients also need bowel surgery to prevent intussusception, a bowel obstruction caused by CF.
